Free PMP Course - what is mean by Project, Program, Portfolio and PMO
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Free PMP Course - what is mean by Project, Program, Portfolio and PMO

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PMP free course - Introduction &the 

environment in which project operate  

         what is mean by Project, Program, Portfolio and PMO  

We will explain in this article the below subject:-
1- Project. 
2- Operational Work.
3- Project Management.
4- Program.
5- Portfolio.
6- Project Management Office (PMO).



1- Project 

- Definition of project.

A project is temporary end-over with a beginning  and end date. 

This is important, project should have a beginning and should have an ending . Project can 

not go over time periodicity.

Project also should create a unique product, service, or result.

If project is not unique, for example , if you are producing he same product in a simple line 

you are not working in a project.


- Why are projects initiated?

There are the several reasons for initiated projects, but we will list the most common reasons 

* Marked demand 

For example, car factories producing a small cars for women because women like a small

 car in a traffic.

* Strategic opportunity / Business need. 

For example, in the phone industrial there are a harsh competition between Samsung and 

Apple and there are trying to beat other and in order to do so they will release a new smart

phone

with extend features and functionality frequently. So, this might be a project for Samsung or
Apple.

* Social Need.  

For example, UNICEF might start a project to deliver food to Africa.

* Environmental Consideration

For example, the project for reducing the pollution in cities inside the world such as a green 

building projects.  

* Customer Request.

For example, in the telephone communication vendors if operator asking for a new system 

in a network is example for customer request in vendor point of view.

* Technological Advance.

A new project can initiate in order to do an existing activity or a process better.

* Legal Requirement. 

2- Operational Work

- Definition of operational work

Most of the work being done in organization. For example, using a registration in a 

company, fixing a technical problem, maintenance for bridges or street. 

The operational work difference from a project in term of: -

* ongoing

* Repetitive 

so, the result of a operation work is not a unique or they do not have definite end.

3- Project Management

Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and technique to project 

activities to meet the project requirements.

There is a scope of work that need to be done, a timeline that a customer expect to finish 

and of course, there will be quality requirements. Briefly the project management ensure that

 the scope of these requirements are work and delivered on time as per quality

requirements.

Project management profession growing rapidly, main reason for this is a competition in the

 market.

Project management follows systemic process. For each topic or area project management

has processes that have input, tools, technique and outputs  these to ensure to deliver the

 successful result.


* Processes group of project management  

We have 5 major group 

- Initiating

- Planning

- Executing

Monitoring and controlling

- Closing 

And we have processes of project management belong to the knowledge area which is: -

- Integration Management.

Mainly aim to control all process and cohesive executions of the project in accordance to all 

the project management process.

- Scope Management.

Mainly aims to defined boundaries of the work that will be delivered in the project and helps 

to protect this scope till the end of the project.      

- Scheduled Management. 

Mainly aims to complete the project on time.

- Cost Management. 

Target to deliver agreed scope based on planed budget.

- Quality management. 

Help to ensure that the project meets the quality requirements.

- Resource management.

Mainly aims to manage people and other resources of the project.

- Communication Management. 

There will be a several stakeholders will be in a project; each stakeholder will have varying

interests of the project and each stakeholder will be required different state of information.

Communication management ensure the effective and efficient communication in a project. 

- Risk Management.   

Ensure to keep the update the status of the risk and response strategy of the risk if occur. 

- Procurement Management. 

To control purchasing or leasing for tools, equipment, and resources of people   

- Stakeholder management.

It is aimed to treat each stakeholder accordingly to meet the balance stakeholder

requirements in the project.


4- Program

* Definition of program

Program is a group of projects. So, several projects can come together to can execute the

 program but note that, these projects should be into-related and program can execute in 

order to mange the into-related projects better. 
      
If project to somehow not related to each other or not affect each other then there is no

need to group these projects under a program.

Example of program , Manufacture new Boeing Airplane as example of program . Under

this program it can be a several projects such as:

- Avionic systems.

- Communication system.

- Entertainment system.

Security system.
-......

All these projects are interrelated to each other because the airplane will be completed only

if all these systems are merge and working properly.


5- Portfolio

* Definition of portfolio

Portfolio is a group of programs to achieve a business goal.

In order to achieve the strategical objective of the company, several programs can come 

together to can executed the portfolio. However, these programs might not be related.so, all 

the programs might not be direct related to each other if it is servings for the same business

 goal these programs can be grouped under the same portfolio. 

Example of portfolio.

Boeing will devolve 3 new airplane versions in 6 years. so, the development of each version

 of these airplanes can grouped under a portfolio. now we can ask about what is the 

strategical goal of this portfolio? 

The answer is to be the world's most passenger carrying airplane company.

- Interrelationship between project, program and portfolio

Comparative overview project, program, and portfolio as per below: - 

 







5- Project Management Office (PMO)

The main role for this department is centralizes the management of projects. This

 mean that are a several projects that a company executes at a time. PMO ensure the

successful management and coordination of these several projects with its processes and

tools, information, documents, coordination, management, and done mainly with a help of

PMO department. 

Depending on the size of the company, number of projects and the size of the projects, size

 of hierarchy of the department might changes well. 

These are three structure for PMO 

1- Supportive

Supply templates, best practices, training, lesson learned ,..etc. to other departments or 

projects. Act as repository and like archive of the company and given information and 

documents, as necessary. this type of structure has low degree of control.

2- Controlling

Supports and requires compliance to tools and methods. They follow whether required 

documents or submitted in the project or relevant steps  or executed based on the process. 

this type of structure have a moderate degree of control.

3- Directive

Directly manages the projects and it is the sole accountable from the successes of the

 projects. They do a strong position in the company. Directive PMO have the highest 

degree of the control.

* PMO duties in the organization.

There are a lots of tasks and activities there are done by a PMO in the company such as : -

- PMO may manage interdependence between projects.  

They are might be a several projects on going in a project and one project might be effect

 another. for example, project A might be started only if project B is finished. These kind of

 (or even more complex in) dependencies of project are manage by PMO.

- PMO may help providing resources to the projects. 

- PMO may terminate projects.

- PMO will monitor compliance with organizational processes.

- PMO may gather lessons learned from projects.

- PMO may provide templates such as, budget template, planning template , risk 

register template,..etc. in order to have standard type of documents .

- PMO may provide guidance

If a project face a problem or there is a conflict that need to escalate, the PMO will guide 

in this case.

- PMO may provide centralized communication about the projects

Coordination and management of projects in a company are centralize in a PMO. 

Therefore, PMO may provide centralize communication about the projects as well.

- PMO may be a part of change control board.

-PMO may be a stakeholder.





In this article, we start the free PMP course and discussed the 1st part of Introduction &the environment in which project operate. 

We are fully prepared to answer your inquiries via the Contact Us icon and we will get back to you as soon as possible.




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